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Workshopping Your Thesis

The following is an exercise that has been used by professor John Wright to help students think through a thesis. Read through his explanations and examples and then post either a revision of one of the theses we crafted last class or write one of your own.

What’s a Thesis?

1.) A thesis is a general assertion with which there can be disagreement – an arguable proposition, in other words, that can be debated, illustrated, explained. It is not a simple statement of fact which needs no support, nor a personal observation with which no one can disagree, nor a statement of truth so self-evident that no one would bother to deny it.

2.) A thesis is restricted. That is, it is cut down in size to fit the scope of the assignment. Remember that the task of the writer is to develop the thesis in detail. If the subject is too large and the assignment asks for only three paragraphs or three pages, it will be impossible to completely treat the subject of the thesis in detail.

3.) A thesis reflects the author’s point of view; but it is not merely a statement of opinion or intention (“I think that,� “I propose to,� “I will attempt to,� etc.). You must take a conceptual stand in relationship to the subject rather than writing about it uncommitedly or merely stating an intention or personal opinion.

4.) A thesis is unified. In a single declarative sentence, it introduces a single controlling idea to be developed – the concept to be demonstrated, the hypothesis to be proved, the problem to be solved or, at least, illuminated. [For long papers and books, the thesis is sometimes subdivided into the controlling idea and a separate statement of method that previews the essay’s later development.]

5.) A thesis is precise. It is stated in words, phrases, and clauses that are unambiguous – that are difficult for any reader to misinterpret.

6.) A thesis is likely to be unsatisfactory if it does not convey to the reader the main points of the essay, or the order and method in which you will develop them: for example

Thesis A (rough draft):

James Weldon Johnson’s “The White Witch� updates the traditional theme of the femme fatale.

Thesis B (rough draft):

Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God is a feminist Bildungsroman.

Rough Draft theses like these will be more effective if revised to indicate the parts of the argument, the ways or methods or reasons or causes or examples you plan to use. The parts should be arranged in the most logically satisfying order – for example, from least to greatest in terms of length, interest, significance, complexity, or persuasiveness – thereby building the reader’s response throughout the essay, to a climax at the close:

Thesis A (revised):

James Weldon Johnson’s “The White Witch,� with its vampiric images and striking feline metaphors, recasts the traditional romantic theme of the femme fatale to capture both the angst of modern interracial love and the seductive dangers of a decadent white civilization for the uncorrupted black soul.

Thesis B (revised):

Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God is a feminist Bildungsroman which traces the heroine’s development in three contexts: male-female relationships, her identification with or rejection of various female role models, and her self-image in the greater context of society.

7.) If the thesis is highly argumentative, then you should be prepared to identify the contrary arguments and dispose of them by developing your own arguments. Otherwise, you may leave readers unconvinced, with unanswered questions and unrefuted counterarguments. Two ways to organize such a paper are:

a.) Identify each contrary argument and develop your opposing arguments immediately in separate paragraphs throughout the essay, as in a debate. For example, “While some commentators assert that Richard Wright’s psychological theories are Freudian rather than behavioristic, I contend that they overlook a major flaw in this view…�
b.) Identify the major opposing arguments in at most two paragraphs at the beginning of the essay, and devote the balance of the essay to developing your refutations and concluding position.

OUR THESES

1.) The refusal of the narrator to effectively manage Bartleby reveals his inner hypocrisy regarding his supposed morals and actual actions.

2.) The narrator justifies his internal strife through the use of biblical allusions and Christian ideals

3.) The narrator masks his guilt for Bartleby's death by retelling the story in a self-praising manner.

4.) The narrator often refers to Bartleby with descriptiosn of inanimate objects which foreshadows Bartleby's fate. This foreshadowing also occurs in descriptions of the setting with references to death.

5.) Bartleby's increasing boredom leads to his inevitable death.

Comments

"Through his depiction of Bartleby, Herman Melville illustrates a growing epidemic of monotony and lassitude among the American working class during the mid 19th century. Melville’s overly dramatized illustration of Bartleby displays his own fear of further disenchantment among working Americans if nothing is done to alter many prevalent dehumanizing societal norms. "

The narrator comes off as being pompous and arrogant and at times devoid of any real sincerity in his concerns for Bartleby, but really he is masking his own insecurities and guilt for Bartleby’s death.

Personal interactions in the workplace contribute to the narrators internal dissension which is justified in a melancholic fashion through Christian ideals.

Herman Melville's, "Bartleby the Scrivener," uses annoying phrases and the complete boredom of Bartleby to showcase three necessary things: desire, motivation, and the need to live.

Herman Melville shows the influencing effect of Christian morals on 19th century life through the narrator; he justifies his internal strife through the use of biblical allusions and Christian ideals.

The narrator's actions regarding Bartleby conflict with the Christian believes that he claims to hold. This illistrates an internal struggle that he is having regarding the practice of his morals.

Herman Melville provides his readers with a glimpse of religious experiences through the character of the narrator, and not only that, but addresses Bartleby's iconic illustration of humanity lost and the association of false impressions of promoting the complete truth.

As Bartleby's level of boredom elevates, he becomes detached from public life causing him to disobey his superiors and lose his will to live which leads to his inevitable death.

"The narrator in Herman Melville's, "Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-street" manages Bartleby with an effort to demonstrate his supposed strong Christian morals, yet hypocritically ignores his personal insecurities.

In Herman Melville’s “Bartleby The Scrivener�, the narrator gives the impression that he helped Bartleby all that he could; however, he is merely concealing his inner-guilt for Bartleby’s death.

The narrator's tone throuhgout the piece is condescending and rude, he speaks this way to hide the inner quilt he feels for Bartelby's death.

In the story, "Bartleby, the Scrivener" Bartleby's death is easily seen through the narrator's use of inanimate objects and references to death throughout the text due to Bartley's bordom of everyday life.

In the story "Bartleby, the Scrivener," Herman Melville repeatedly alludes to death in his choice of words and phrases.
These descriptions foreshadow Bartleby's inevitable demise.

The inability of the narrator to effectively manage the inactivity of Bartleby as well as the sporadic productivity of the other employees is a critique of the management positions in this time period of America.

Herman Melville illustrates what it meant to be a Christia in the 19th century through his story, "Bartleby the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-street." The narrartor uses the Christian ideals of the time to justify his internal conflicts.

Melville uses the arrogant narrator’s kindness towards Bartleby and his refusal to effectively deal with him to attack many people’s hypocritical desire to create false public self-images that will make others view them more fondly.

The narrator appears to be arrogant, self-consumed, and insincere in his concerns for Bartleby, but truly he is masking the self-guilt he feels for Bartleby's death.

In the story of Bartleby, the pretentious narrator uses self praise to replace a truly in-secure personality and guilt over a former employees death.

Bartleby’s increasing boredom at his job is a social commentary on the monotony of office work which many tend to associate with today’s business world. Corporate America, however, is anything but monotonous.

The narrator’s explicit use of such words as “cadaverously� and “forlorn� in describing Bartleby demonstrates how he perceives Bartleby and the type of life he continues to lead.

Herman Melville uses the internal struggle of each of the four main characters, including that of the unnamed narrator, as a way to illustrate his critique of the working class during the 19th century.

Through reaction of the narrator to the events of Bartelby's time at the office, Hawthorne is exposing a major struggle of mid-19th century America: the tension of the spiritual and material.

By seeking approval from his employees, continuously struggling with his conscience, and ultimately sharing this story in a more favorable light, the narrator is continually striving for acceptance.

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