Steina and Woody Vasulka's Calligrams

Like Stan Brakhage had done with the medium of film, The Vasulkas began to manipulate the form of video in Calligrams. During the transmission of the recorded video, they would manipulated the image with different tools, creating abstract shapes, and distorting the sounds being received. The tools they used to create the effects they wanted were: The Field Flip-Flop Switcher (1971), the Dual Colorizer (1972), the Multikeyer (1973), the Programmer (1974), and the Rutt/Etra Scan Processor (1974).