BY FRED ROSE

On Friday, May 4,  IonE was happy to host a species seldom seen in an environmental center, a venture capitalist!

Paul Matteucci, General Partner at U.S. Venture Partners in Silicon Valley, stopped by to talk to the IonE community about venture capital, and specifically, Paul's interest in the global food market.

Venture capitialists are important players in the whole innovation ecosystem. Most people probably think of them as investing in some young geeks in Silicon Valley, but they operate in many markets and industries and supply an important source of capital for new businesses. Paul, a self-described foodie, has interest rethinking the global industrial food system. He says, "The demographic models point to a peaking of the world's population below 10 billion by 2050. Getting from here to there without massive starvation and environmental damage is a major challenge for governments and businesses. But it is also an enormous opportunity for entrepreneurs, with creative ideas, to build valuable companies that address this issue."

You can understand why he was at IonE. In addition to his common interest in the global food system, he wanted to talk to faculty and graduate students about the kinds of opportunities VCs look to for new investments. It's not a path many in this part of the University always think about as an outlet for their research, so Paul wanted to plant the seed in people's mind of these kinds of investments as a way to scale some of their ideas. He talked about the types of ideas venture capitalists like - for example businesses that have the opportunity to scale. Facebook has 900 million users globally. That's interesting to an investor. A social media network scalable to just your neighborhood, not so much.

Paul also said venture capital investments are all about failure. The well known metric is that only one in 10 investments makes money. Even if that one in 10 makes a LOT of money, a couple more may do OK, and the rest don't return their original investment. And that's just the ones they invest in. There are hundreds of other plans considered and rejected for every investment made. And if you do get funding and fail, that's OK. Entrepreneurs learn from their failures (although you can't fail ALL the time). All investments have some risk. That's why the federal government is a terrible VC (see the fuss about Solyndra). Failure doesn't look good in a political setting.

Stay tuned to hear more about some other activities Paul is working on, collecting innovative ideas from across the globe around the topic of feeding 10 billion people. If you would like to read more about presenting to venture capitalists, these lecture notes from a recent talk by a VC at Stanford are interesting (a little sarcastic but interesting).

Photo courtesy of U.S. Venture Partners

It's not unusual for university faculty to have multiple affiliations. Less common is to have them 9,000 miles away from each other.

Institute on the Environment resident fellow Peter Reich, a Regents professor and Distinguished McKnight University professor in the University of Minnesota's Department of Forest Resources, recently added a joint affiliation as founding director of the Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment (HIE) of the University of Western Sydney (yes, as in Sydney, Australia) to his list of titles. For Reich, the distance involved is worth every inch for the opportunity it offers to connect scientists around the globe in the search for knowledge of what we must do to help our planet survive and thrive in the face of human-induced change.

The Hawkesbury institute, which opened last month, is one of the world's most advanced research sites for studying how terrestrial ecosystems respond to environmental change. Reich is helping guide, with two full-time onsite co-directors, the new institute as it grows and develops. His primary role is to "stir the pot" science-wise and cultivate a culture of collaborative team science. He will also use his international connections to draw researchers to HIE for short-term collaboration, permanent employment and everything in between. Research taking place at HIE builds on, complements, and will link with work at University of Minnesota field stations such as Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve and Cloquet Forest Center focused on exploring how ecosystems respond to variations in the composition of the atmosphere.

The logistics of having two offices half a world away from each other may be a bit complicated, but Reich says Skype calls at all hours of night and day help bridge the distance. Moreover, benefits abound in the synergies and insights to be gained as the two institutes work together to understand and mitigate the impacts of global change.

"This is an ambitious, challenging goal," Reich said, "but a crucial one at a time in history when the largest challenges facing society involve learning how to adapt to a warming planet, while at the same time figuring out how to turn down the heat."

To learn more about HIE's research, check out this just-published BBC story and watch the short video here:

The lilacs are blooming, dandelions are turning to fluff ... many Minnesotans are even stowing their snow shovels. Can summer be far behind?

If you're among those who like a little brain food along with the sun and fun, may I suggest Frontiers video archives? Over the past nine months, the Institute on the Environment hosted a bucketload of ~30-minute talks on a wide range of environmental topics, from Air Pollution to Zeolite. All were videotaped, which means you can watch them at your leisure.

Videos of all 22 presentations from our 2011-12 season are available at the links below. Enjoy! And be sure to check back in September for our fall lineup.

• Better Still: Zeolite's Promise as an Energy-Saving Molecule Sorter
• Coal, Climate, Health: Broadening the Public Dialogue on Energy Policy
• Wind and Solar on the Power Grid: Emergence of Mainstream Renewable Energy
• Entrepreneurship and Environment: Innovative Business Leaders Can Positively Impact Our Environment
• Helping Forests Thrive in the Face of Global Change
• Closing the Loop in the Product Life Cycle
• Harnessing Sustainability and the Green Economy for Market Transformation
• The Frugal Future
• Why Don't River Deltas Drown?
• Cultural History Meets Natural History
• Collaboration for Environmental Protection: Integrating Knowledge, Communication and Process
• Can Democracy Survive the Age of Science?
• Clearing the Air: Indoor Air Pollution, Health and Climate in Developing Countries
• Are We Getting Enough Crop per Drop? Trends in Global Agricultural Water Use
• Putting the "Fun" Back in "Infrastructure": The Electric System and the Future of Energy
• Conserving Tropical Forests From the Ground Up
• Preparing Students to Grow a New Agriculture: Experimental Curricula at the University of Minnesota
• Wind, Transmission and Integration: Policy and Politics of Renewable Energy
• Cradle-to-Cradle: A Design Concept Whose Time Has Come?
• Your Best Talk Ever: How to Become a Science Presentation Superstar
• Can We Feed the World, and Sustain the Planet?
• Environmental Issues Surrounding the Regulation and Commercialization of Agricultural Biotechnology

BY EMILY DOMBECK

Genetically modified crops are attracting a lot of attention these days. They are a lightning rod for controversy, with people debating their possible health, economic and environmental repercussions. They are also touted as a panacea for global food insecurity. How does the average consumer parse the conflicting information and trade-offs to form an educated opinion? Enter the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), a nonprofit, nongovernment consumer advocacy and education organization focused on food and nutrition. Gregory Jaffe, the director of the CSPI's Biotechnology Project, discussed these issues at the final Frontiers in the Environment lecture of the semester April 25.

The CSPI holds the position that GM crops currently grown and sold in the U.S. are safe to eat. But the organization is also quick to caution that each new product must be assessed on a case-by-case basis. Jaffe discussed the advantages and risks of GM crops, acknowledging that while GM crops can increase yields, reduce pesticide use and increase grower income, they can also cause allergies, harm nontarget species, and have negative impacts on biodiversity.

So are GM crops sustainable? Jaffe was frank during his discussion of the major issue surrounding GM crops: the development of insect and weed resistance. If trends continue as they have during the past several years, we could see massive amounts of insect and weed resistance emerge in GM crops. This could lead to declining crop yields, or even crop failures.

New technology is needed to stay ahead of the game. One innovation is "stacking" - introducing multiple herbicide tolerance or multiple pest resistance. This may be a good solution for herbicide resistant crops, but pests can still develop resistance using this method. According to Jaffe, a better solution for pest management is "refuge in a bag" seed.

Regulations require farmers to plant a certain amount of non-GM seed as "refuges" - habitat where pests are free of selection pressure to develop resistance. Refuge-in-a-bag seed has some non-GM seed mixed in, allowing for natural refuges to grow throughout GM fields. This takes the complicated issue of farmer compliance out of the equation and gives better hope for maintaining pest control ability in the long term.

With over 395 million acres of GM crops grown globally each year - 170 million of those in the U.S. - Jaffe made a strong case for a robust regulatory system, better government oversight, and continued watchdogging by the CSPI in order to protect GM technologies for future farmers.  He also stressed the need for innovation in GM crop technology in order to make their use sustainable and environmentally sound.

Interested in learning more? Watch the video of Jaffe's talk here. 

Photo courtesy of John Bollwitt via Flickr

BY BETH MERCER-TAYLOR

Institute on the Environment communications director Todd Reubold hates nothing more than bad PowerPoint presentations. Realizing that not everyone shares his strong feelings, Reubold began his recent Frontiers in the Environment presentation about communicating science with something he knew his audience would care passionately about. Rising sea levels caused by global warming reduce sea ice needed by polar bears. The electricity required for the estimated 30,000,000 slide presentations given each day around the world results in about 94 million kilograms of carbon dioxide emissions each year. If presentations induce audiences to sleep and fail to inspire them to respond to global climate change, then the energy used only hurts those polar bears. The bottom line, according to Reubold, is that slide presentations had better make an impact. 

Since people remember just 10 percent of what they hear but 65 percent of what they see AND hear, the ubiquity of the slide deck makes sense. The beautiful and arresting photos that are part of Reubold's slide deck - of a still-smoking remnant of Amazon rainforest, an oil derrick against a blue horizon or a group of children rapt at story hour - illustrate the power of visual communication. Take a look at Reubold's own slides in "Fight the Power(point)" or peruse through the Frontiers in the Environment archives, which let you see both past presenters and their slide decks.  

An audience member at Reubold's Frontiers talk asked whether crafting a good presentation requires professional staff or years of training. That helps, Reubold said - but added with a laugh that simply attending to some basic principles would go a long way toward saving those bears. Easy stuff. 

• Never, ever, use clip art
• Focus on what you want your audience to learn from each slide
• Use one main point per slide
• Solid white, black, dark gray - that's all that you need
• Let some of your emotion in
• Think of a presentation as being on stage and move around

Above all, Reubold says, just simplify.

To learn more, download Presentation Best Practices, Reubold's list of tips and additional resources.

Photo courtesy Ansgar Walk via Wikimedia Commons