Main

April 28, 2008

New Town Center for Columbia

An article from the Baltimore Sun: Town aims to redraw its core

One suspects the newspaper article above is not terribly accurate or complete ("Retail and arts space, and possibly an international center for the study of small cities, would front the roadway, replacing the office towers that ring the mall complex area." ... will office really be replaced by art, maybe complemented, but not replaced), but it appears the General Growth Properties plan, which has gone through many iterations, finally begins to account for the Mall as the centerpiece of downtown, and tie it in rather than keeping it separate.

The Howard County govt plan is here (pdf).

My previous posts on Columbia are here.


The meeting is tonight, alas it is not being webcast. The official website is here: Columbia Town Center

March 27, 2008

Multi-university campuses

From the Minnesota Daily: Multiuniversity campus in Chaska recruits institutions

Is this the future of the university, divorcing the education from the shell? Perhaps a return to the day when each professor was paid directly by the students is in order, and students could walk from lecture to lecture, where a university is literally, not merely figuratively, a marketplace of ideas. I certainly wouldn't need to charge 50% overhead.


March 24, 2008

Speed limits for mode shifts

From the Telegraph:
15mph speed limit to force people out of cars

The UK is planning a series of 15 new "eco-towns". As part of their design, a 15mph (Britain is not consistently metric) speed limit in the heart of these new towns hopes to discourage auto use, in stark contrast to the older new towns (Stevanage to Milton Keynes) which made freeflowing traffic a centerpiece.

June 10, 2007

A success we should build on

The London Green Belt has been in place since just before World War II when Patrick Abercrombie's study recommended establishing a ring around the city which would remain unsuburbanized (one hesitates to say undeveloped, as farms are there). Now with the housing shortage, people are again suggesting the Green Belt is "a success we should build on":

Build on the green belt, and build now-Comment-Columnists-Minette Marrin-TimesOnline
.

Back in the day, the solution was to build new towns outside the Green Belt. Gordon Brown is proposing more of these. Towns like Welwyn and Letchworth were built as Garden Cities by Ebenezer Howard, and, but, by design are relatively small (on the order of 33,000 residents for Letchworth, 55,000 for Welwyn Garden City). From my visits, they seem excellent places to live, though the scale may be slightly off outside the town center (the residential density is a bit low, creating excessive walking distances).

Stevenge, (population 80,000) a post-war new town, (built on a much older town) is very much like Columbia, with large elements of Radburn, many pedestrian tunnels to access the town center and train station. There are also traffic roundabouts everywhere, so cars need not stop at signals. I felt like I grew up here.

Milton Keynes (population 185,000) on the other hand is much larger, but terribly overscaled, with large gaps between the residential and downtown areas. This creates opportunites for infill, but in the meantime there is an excessive amount of surface parking in the town center. Unlike the other towns I named above, the shopping mall (the largest single level mall in the world?) is disconnected from the train station.

Despite its imperfections, this model of new towns has a number of advantages over just adding another suburb in the Green Belt. They provide (or at least can provide) a coherent center and place. By increasing "surface area" they reduce the distance between people and the countryside. Every development in the Green Belt makes existing Londers that much farther from the country.

Now, one might suggest if the Green Belt is to be preserved, it should be done the right way, by buying the land (or development rights), rather than by fiat or regulations. This certainly seems a better way of controlling the use of land if property rights are to be respected. But the point here isn't about the mechanics of how land should be preserved, but about what constitutes a better urban form

A) A giant unbroken conurbation where rings of development are fully contiguous

OR

B) A large conurbation with satellite cities.

The latter, while it might increase average distance to the center, decreases distance to the edge. It also provides more variety and differentiation of the bundle of attributes that we call property.

Perhaps the market should decide, but the market fails in providing numerous public goods (access to the countryside being an example), as some things are very difficult to establish easily enforceable rights for.


June 05, 2007

Connectivity and Class

While in London, we live here . As you can see this Council Estate (Ranelagh Estate) was constructed in the 1950s as a cul-de-sac at the end of Sefton Street. To the north are playing fields in Barnes, the west is Putney Commons, to the Northwest is the Thames River, and to the East is the rest of Putney. You see some tennis courts on the east side of the image off Stockhurst Close, next to the tennis court, obscured by tree cover, is a playground for small children, ideal for Benjamin (age 2.5). These are just a short distance away ... if I were a bird.

Unfortunately, I am a pedestrian, which means I need to walk down Sefton to Lower Richmond Road and back up Danemere Street to Ashlone to access this particular playground. It is not a bad walk, but it is about 3 x longer than a straight line path.

Why is there no direct connection? Note that the development on Stockhurst Close was developed in the 1980s or 1990s and should thus been approved with fairly cognizant planners who should have ensured at least inter-neighborhood pedestrian connectivity.

On the front of my building is a sign "No Access to Thames". I am not clear if this is intended to be a feature (don't park here if you want to get to the Thames for a walk or to watch the Races) or a signal that people who live on Estates don't deserve access to the River the way people who paid far more to live on Danemere or Ashlone do.

Just as Stockhurst Close does not provide access to Horne Way, there is another route, a pedestrian path between Pentlow and Danemere connecting the estate to Lower Richmond (which was probably once a driveway to access the estate), which is a quite lovely long park, surrounded by walls on both sides, with no connection to (or from) Pentlow or Danemere.

Having grown up in suburban Columbia, Maryland, fences and walls are strange, but this solid barrier preventing access is very strange, a corridor for the lower classes so they don't interfere with their betters? In Columbia the homes would just back onto the trail so residents could access the park.

I mentioned the sign "No Access to Thames". The sign is not strictly true, if one leaves the estate through a gate to the west you can access the Putney Commons, and if you turn north, you can access a nice unpaved pedestrian path along Beverly Brook (running in the trees between the northern part of Horne Way and the southern part of the Barnes playing fields). This winds its way to the Thames, and you can approach the playground there. This is not terribly well-marked, and is about as long as the more urban path along Lower Richmond, but locals know about it. (I discovered it after a few months).

Finally, if I think the Putney playground is too exclusive, I can walk across Putney Commons to Barnes Common (to the west, and there is a playground in Barnes tucked away hidden from the street, behind parking lots, playing fields and tennis courts ( here.

This is in another borough (Richmond upon Thames), supported by their taxes, making me (or Benjamin) a free-rider, as there are no longer inter-borough tolls (see Chapter 2), and the playground is free (though in principle excludable because their is a gate, the collection costs of charging for the playground probably outweigh the revenue.

Ahmed El-Geneidy and I have a recent working paper on Network Circuity and the Location of Home and Work. This paper deals with the question more macroscopically, at the metropolitan level. It turns out people arrange their home and work location to reduce circuity (so they can get more space for the minute of commuting).

May 13, 2007

New Towns are back

From today's BBC, the next UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown is proposing to build 100,000 houses in five new towns (20,000 each) to help address the rise in housing costs in southeast England: Brown outlines 'eco towns' plan.

These towns would be "carbon neutral", showing how each generating infuses its ideals into its plans. Hopefully these will be more like Ebenezer Howard's Garden Cities (Letchworth, Welwyn), or the first generation of post-war new towns (e.g. Stevanage) than that monstrosity of mega-scale suburban automobility, Milton Keynes. Given their scale, they sound more similar to the early Garden Cities.

September 05, 2006

Access to Destinations Report Released

Our first report in the Access to Destinations Series: Development of Accessibility Measures
has finally been released.

The most interesting finding (which still awaits corroboration) is that despite the rising congestion of the past decade, accessibility in the Twin Cities region (measured as the number of things (jobs, workers, etc.) that you can get to in a fixed period of time) has been improving. Clearly this would be because there are more things per unit time, not because you can cover more distance per unit time. Increasing density increases accessibility, this is why cities form in the first place, it is nice to see it in the data. More in the final report. Thanks to my colleague Ahmed El-Geneidy who did most of the number crunching.

Continue reading "Access to Destinations Report Released" »

August 06, 2006

Markets Attack!

Randall Crane has a nice article on markets vs. planning. I put together a lecture notes on this topic once, which I post below.

Continue reading "Markets Attack!" »

July 17, 2006

City officials want "balance"

Maple Grove, a Twin Cities suburb, seems to think there are too many townhouses .... Article: Maple Grove may limit building of townhouses

Continue reading "City officials want "balance"" »

June 18, 2006

Dispersing jobs: good or bad?

This article: Region's Job Growth a Centrifugal Force starts badly "As a consensus builds that the Washington region needs to concentrate job growth, there are signs that the exact opposite is happening." and gets worse.

Continue reading "Dispersing jobs: good or bad?" »

May 10, 2006

Researching Irvine

An interesting blog post about the planned community of Irvine Ranch in California from Randall Crane Urban Planning Research: Researching Irvine which discusses Columbia, Maryland as well as the work of my colleague Ann Forsyth.

April 29, 2006

Deconstructing Busytown: Part II

... Continued from here

As a professor who teaches transportation engineering and planning, I took a special interest in the chapter of What Do People Do All Day “Building a new road” . It begins “Good roads are very important to all of us.” And of course, they are.

Continue reading "Deconstructing Busytown: Part II" »

Deconstructing Busytown

My first understanding of how places work probably came from the book What Do People Do All Day? by children’s author Richard Scarry. The Busytown in which this book (and others) are set faded from my consciousness until my son was born, and we decided to go shopping for books again. Rereading the book from an adult (and planning and transportation professional’s) point-of-view provides a new perspective on the Scarry memes that have shaped the neural networks of millions of young minds. How many youth are inculcated in the idealized place of Scarry? Estimates suggest that over 300 million copies of Scarry books are out there, no small set of infected brains.

Continue reading "Deconstructing Busytown" »

January 01, 2006

Access to Destinations ... the Book

David Levinson and Kevin Krizek are pleased to announce the publication of their edited volume Access to Destinations


Access to Destinations


For sale at Amazon and
Barnes and Noble

Continue reading "Access to Destinations ... the Book" »

November 01, 2005

The Next America Replanned

I grew up in Columbia, Maryland, given the tag line "The Next America" by its planners. A few years ago I wrote a paper about it "The Next America Revisited" which was published in the Journal of Planning Education and Research.

Continue reading "The Next America Replanned" »

February 26, 2004

Technology Enhanced Learning Grant


This link summarizes my Technology Enhanced Learning Grant from the University of Minnesota Digital Media Center


TEL Grant - Inquiry Based Learning

December 31, 1994

Rational Locator

Levinson, David and Ajay Kumar (1994) The Rational Locator: Why Travel Times Have Remained Stable. Journal of the American Planning Association, Summer 1994 60:3 319-332.

This paper evaluates household travel surveys for the Washington metropolitan region conducted in 1968 and 1988, and shows that commuting times remain stable or decline over the twenty year period despite an increase in average travel distance, after controlling for trip purpose and mode of travel. The average automobile work-to-home time of 32.5 minutes in both 1968 and 1988 is, moreover, very consistent with a 1957 survey showing an average time of 33.5 minutes in metropolitan Washington. Average trip speeds increased by more than 20 percent, countering the effect of increased travel distance. This change was observed during a period of rapid suburban growth in the region. With the changing distributional composition of trip origins and destinations, overall travel times have remained relatively constant. The hypothesis that jobs and housing mutually co-locate to optimize travel times is lent further support by these data.

The views and opinions expressed in this page are strictly those of the page author. The contents of this page have not been reviewed or approved by the University of Minnesota.