October 2009 Archives
I found this interesting example of chimera in a hall near the east campus mall. I'm not totally sure what type it is, but due to the small green band around most of the leaves, I can throw out the L1. If i were to guess, I would say L3 due to the concentration around the vascular areas, and it is reminiscent of sectoral chimera.
I found this example of chimera right outside of the St. Paul Student center. It is a clear example of an L2 mutation, GWG chimera.
These specimens were found at the Radisson on University, conveniently in one arrangement. The Monocot chimera appears to be L-III, or GGW, and the dicot chimera appears to be the same, GGW, and L-III.
This is a spider plant. It has L2 mutation.
This plant is hanging in my livingroom. I believe that it is an LI, but it may be an LII because it is on the edge of the plant but it spreads about halfway in to the center. But I think it is really interesting that it is only in these very small spots on one side of the leaves. Some of the other leaves on this plant do not have any noticable discoloration.
This lovely specimen is also hanging in my livingroom, but in a different pot. I am pretty sure that this is an LIII mutation because the lightened coloring is mostly all in the center of the leaves. But it also has a few where the spreads to the rest of the leaf, which would be more of an LII.
these two photos are almost identical examples of two of the plants that I grew. I found these photos online in stock photograph libraries. They were uncredited. I apologize for not being able to carry out the extent of the assignment.
This first photograph is of the Hosta 'Patriot'. I believe it to be an example of a result from an LI mutation.
I had many different varieties of Hostas in my garden. This variety was the "showiest" iof the chimera effect.
The second photo is of Miscanthus sinensis 'Variegata'. I'm not positive but I believe it is also a result of an LI mutation.
I have this plant sitting in my dorm room. I think it has a LIII mutation.
This plant is also in my dorm room. I think it has a little bit of both LI and LII mutations.
I found this variegated plant outside of my apartment lining the parking lot. It shows an L-II type chorophyll mutation.
I found this plant outside a house along 22nd Avenue. It has almost no chlorophyll in the leaf showing a L-III type mutation.
-Nick Campbell
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This is a shot of a Polemonium reptans 'Stairway to Heaven' in my mom's garden in Roseville. The GWG leaf pattern appears to be representative of an L-II periclinal chimera.
This is a variegated sedge (I have forgotten its binomial name) growing in my garden in St. Paul. This would be an example of a monocot exhibiting LI (WGG) chimera.
This is a Lamium maculatum found in my yard. I think this has an L-III mutation.
This is a Cretan brake fern that I purchased over the summer and am now keeping indoors as a houseplant. The type of chimera seems to be L-III. The mutated cells (lacking chlorophyll) are in the center of the leaves. The chimera would be GGW.
This plant is a variegated English ivy that I propagated from a cutting a few summers ago. It seems to have a L-II mutation, as the leaf margins are white and the leaf centers are green. This would be called a GWG chimera.
Interphase- The period of most cell growth and where chromosomes are relaxed.
Prophase- First stage of mitosis. Its when chromatin begins to condense to form chromosomes. In this stage the nuclear membrane disappears, spindle begins to form and the 2 sister chromatin are held together by centromere.
Metaphase- Chromosomes are all lined up in the middle and spindle begin to grow and attach to the chromosomes at the centromere.
Anaphase- Centromers split causing one sister chromatin to go to one end, the other to another end. Then spindle fiber contracts and chromosomes are divided.
Telophase- Nuclear membrane begins to form and a cell plate is formed between the daughter cells and cytokinesis can then occur.
The cell nucleus appears like this before mitosis starts.The chromosomes are relaxed in this phase.
This is the prophase, the chromatin begin to condense and the nucleus begins to disappear.They are forming sister chromatid which are held together by the centromere. The nucleus has begun to break up.
This is the metaphase of mitosis. the spindles grow and form attachments to the chromosomes. The chromosomes also move to an imaginary line.
Prophase: Replicated chromatids condense as chromosomes, which appear as sister chromatids joined by a centromere. The nuclear membrane disappears and the chromosomes fill up much of the cell. The spindle apparatus begins to appear.
Metaphase: The spindle grows and attaches to the chromosomes at the centromeres. Chromosomes move to the metaphase plate formed at the cell midline.
Anaphase: The chromosomes separate, and each sister chromatid is drawn to opposite poles of the cell as the spindle fibers shorten.
Telophase: Nuclear membranes form around the chromosomes, which decondense to become relaxed chromatin. Cytokinesis forms new cell walls, resulting in two daughter cells.
The two daughter cells now enter the G1 stage of Interphase.
Prophase: Chromosomes form and the nuclear membrane disappears. Also spindles begin to appear.
Metaphase: Nuclear membrane is gone. Chromosomes are attached to the spindles.
Anaphase: Chromosomes seperate. Spindles shorten and the sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles.
Telophase: Nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes and then they relax becoming chromatin. A cell wall forms between the two cells.
Interphase (G1): Chromosomes are relaxed and remain in the nuclear membrane.
Interphase- This is the stage where most cells sit just doing what they are supposed to do.
Prophase- The chromatin condenses to chromosomes, the nuclear membrane starts to dissolve, and the spindles begin to appear.
Anaphase- the chromosomes split and the individual chromatids move to opposite poles.
Telophase- Nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes, a cell wall is formed between the two daughter cells, which is also called Cytokinesis.
Two new fully formed and identical daughter cells.
Here we have the initial Interphase, where the male and female chromatids are relaxed, the nuclear membrane is intact, and even though we can't see it, all the stuff needed for cell duplication is being produced to begin mitosis.
Metaphase is a big step for the cell. Centromeres are connected to spindle fibers by kinetochores, which stem from each pole of the cell, as the chromosome pairs line up along an imaginary metaplate in the center of the cell.
Anaphase is characterized by the seperation of the chromatids as the spindle fibers retract.
Telophase begins the re-development of the nuclear membrane, the fibers shorten and cell walls begin to form along the cell plate. Each daughter cell now has a set of chromosomes of it's own!
Finally, Cytokinesis completes, leaving the two cells with complete nuclear membranes, seperate cell walls, and chromosome strands ready to grow and begin all over again. Yay cells!
-Matt Kessler
Chromatids/Chromosomes - Bananas, Cell Membrane - Carrots, Spindle Fibers - Insense, Cell Wall - Spoons.
Prophase: The sister chromatids coil and condense to take their characteristic form. The nuclear membrane begins to break down, and the spindles begin to form.
Metaphase: This sister chromatids reach their most condensed state. The spindles grow and forms attatchments at the centromeres at the metaphase plate where the chromosomes line up.
Anaphase: The chromosomes seperate, dividing the DNA precisely. The spindle fibers pull one sister chromatid to one pole, and another chromatid to the other pole.
Telephase: Nuclear Membranes form around the new set of chromosomes. A cell plate and cell wall form, seperating the new daughter cells in a process called cytokinesis.
G1 stage of Interphase: The stage that cells are in most of the time. Occurs directly after mitosis. The chromosomes are relaxed and indistinguishable from one another. There is a clear cell membrane, and no spindle fibers are present.
-Nick Campbell
Chromatids/Chromosomes - Bananas, Cell Membrane - Carrots, Spindle Fibers - Insense, Cell Wall - Spoons.
Prophase: The sister chromatids coil and condense to take their characteristic form. The nuclear membrane begins to break down, and the spindles begin to form.
Metaphase: This sister chromatids reach their most condensed state. The spindles grow and forms attatchments at the centromeres at the metaphase plate where the chromosomes line up.
Anaphase: The chromosomes seperate, dividing the DNA precisely. The spindle fibers pull one sister chromatid to one pole, and another chromatid to the other pole.
Telephase: Nuclear Membranes form around the new set of chromosomes. A cell plate and cell wall form, seperating the new daughter cells in a process called cytokinesis.
G1 stage of Interphase: The stage that cells are in most of the time. Occurs directly after mitosis. The chromosomes are relaxed and indistinguishable from one another. There is a clear cell membrane, and no spindle fibers are present.
-Nick Campbell
During the G1 part of Interphase, the cell contains two copies of the DNA,housed in two separate chromosomes which are surrounded by the nuclear membrane. During Prophase, the chromosomes are joined by the centromere, and the nuclear membrane dissolves. In Metaphase, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, and the spindle fibers form. In Anaphase, the centromeres divide. The spindle fibers assist the division by pulling the chromosomes apart (and toward the cell walls). During Telephase, the chromosomes reach the edges of the cell, two new nuclear membranes form, and the cell officially splits into two daughter cells (cytokinesis). (In my final picture, the nuclear membranes should NOT be connected, but I only had one USB cable...)
chromosomes are relaxed, nuclear membrane is present, no spindle fibers present
Chromatin condenses and the nuclear membrane is dissolving. Spindle fibers have begun to form in this phase.
Nuclear membrane is absent, chromatids align along a horizontal axis through the middle of the cell. The spindle fibers attach at the centromere in the center of the chromatids.
Centromeres separate, chromosomes are then pulled to the opposite ends of the cell. No nuclear membrane visible.
Nuclear membrane forms again, chromosomes relax into chromatin. A cell plate is formed between the daughter cells and cytokinesis can then occur, which splits the cells (but not the nucleus) apart.
Prophase: Sister chromatids are distinguishable (tan stir sticks). At this phase, the nuclear membrane breaks down (visible in green) and the spindles develop (in this series, the sugar granules).
Metaphase: In this phase, the spindles attach to the centromeres of the sister chromatids at the metaphase plate where the chromosomes have reached their most compacted state.
Anaphase: The chromosome separate as the spindle fibers shrink and pull the sister chromatids to the different poles in the cell.
Telophase: Nuclear membranes form around the recently divided chromosomes while a cell plate (the white napkin) and cell walls separate the daughter cells. This separation is called Cytokinesis.
Interphase: At the G1 stage, the chromosomes have relaxed and become indistiguishable from one another. The is the period of most cell growth during interphase and is directly after mitosis.
I bought this very rare analog synthesizer from the early 1970's this year. I played it for about a month before things started acting a bit strange. The keyboard started to detune across octaves. I had to figure out why it did this. Even when it was in tune with itself (these old ones require manual tuning every time you use them), a C in one octave would be off from a C in another.
I tried the internet to no avail. It is so rare that manuals do not exist. I had to do it the old fashioned way. I dove into my memory banks and remembered the friend I bought it from adjusting screws in the front panel to adjust the temperament. This concept was a bit foreign to me but after exhausting every tuning repercussion for every screw turned, I was able to figure out how to adjust the octave "width."
After 2 hours of cause and effect (turn a screw, look at the resulting octave width) I was able to adjust my synth to the most accurate temperament across the board. Quite satisfying!
So the Comcast guy comes and installs my internet and cable television. He pulls a bunch of wires from my TV and the coaxial cables running into my house, and then puts them all back together. He seems to know what he is doing, as he is moving quickly and doesn't think much. After he's done, I turn on my TV and the color is way out of whack.
My television has a bunch of options on the menu. I could try that. He disconnected and reconnected the coax cables. He pulled the AV cables from my TV.
If I tighten the coax cables, will that fix the color? What if I rearrange the AV cables? Can I fix the color on the TV menu?
I tried the coax cables first. I disconnect and reconnect them and ensure they are tight. Nothin' doin. Then I try the TV menu. It looks better, but not what it's suppose to look like. Homer Simpson is still caucasian, not yellow. So I pull the whole TV from the wall and observe the massive amounts of cables and wires behind there, and sure enough, he missed one cable, so I matched the colors and Homer Simpson turned yellow again. Success!
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Experience: My daughter needed to carry her swimsuit, towel, sweatshirt, sunscreen, bug spray, lunch and water bottle to and from day camp this summer.
Reflective observation:
Since her swimsuit and towel would be wet and full of sand on the return trip, the rest of her things would be wet and gritty with sand when she returned home at the end of each day if they were all together in her backpack.
Hypothesis:
If she had a bag with separate sections for wet and dry things, we wouldn't have to clean everything off each evening.
Experimentation:
I made her a bag with two internal sections. One was lined with a waterproof material. She put her wet things in the waterproof side and everything else on the other side. It worked. Her swimsuit and towel with their damp and sand-gritty mess stayed contained.
The Experience: This past weekend I developed a slight cold (not swine flu). I was coughing constantly and could not make it stop. I was also running a slight fever, sore throat and was constantly tired.
Reflective Observation: I brainstormed all of the things I could do to make myself feel better as soon as possible. My mom had put together a first aid kit for me so I looked through that and found some things that might help.
Hypothesis: I was sick and needed some kind of remedy to make me better as soon as possible.
Experimentation: I started by drinking lots of water and sucking on some Halls. I also took as much vitamin D supplements as possible. Then I moved on to Tylenol cold and flu. After I did all that I took naps any time I felt tired.
Experience: I started feeling much better within a day or two, and I am completely better today.
The experience: After dinner in downtown Minneapolis on Sunday night, I drove my mother back to where she had parked her car earlier in the day. She had left it in the 19th Ave. Ramp, the entrance of which is reached off of Cedar Ave., as shown below. You will note that the access road is one-way eastbound from Cedar Ave. to 19th Ave.
Unfortunately, I approached the ramp from the north along 19th Ave., so I was unable to turn right to reach the front entrance...
...and I had to continue along 19th Ave. to the south end of the ramp and turn in to a small parking area at the back of the ramp. My mother was completely thrown by this maneuver, was not even sure we had found the right parking structure, and was unsure about how she should find her car.
The (Not entirely reflective) Observation: Since I had just turned off of 19th Ave. and had observed the entrance to the ramp at the access road, I was sure this was the right place. I also noted that we were at the back of the structure, not the front where she had driven in.
The Hypothesis: I surmised that since we were now at the opposite end of where she had entered to park, if my mother and I walked through the ramp towards the main entrance, and crossed over to the ground level where the cars were parked with their grills "uphill," (at the floor in back where we entered they all faced downhill), we would find her car.
The Experiment: We proceeded to carry out the hypothesis and as predicted, we found her car.
Experience
I brought this printer up to school this year which my brother-in-law had given me. Once I moved into my apartment and hours away from home, I realized that I had forgot to bring with me the printer instalation disk. Not a big deal, after a few minutes I found the software online and quickly downloaded it. Once the software was downloaded it asked me to print a test page, which I did. However, the page printed blank. This brought me to my problem: Why was my printer printing blank sheets.
Reflection
After spending a few moments thinking about what may be wrong with my printer, I came up with several possible arguments. Maybe something was wrong with the software I got online, and what I needed was the actual disk. I also thought maybe my ink cartrdige was empty and something was wrong with the sensors, therefore even though it said my ink was full, it was actually empty. The last explanation I had was that there was just simply a flaw in the way I downloaded the software.
Hypothesis
After thinking these different problems through, I decided that the most reasonable explanation was that I had not correctly downloaded the software, because some other things on the "Printer Center" also didn't seem to be working. I decided that if i re-downloaded the software, then my printer would be fine and it would print normally.
Experimentation (Experience II)
I went to the website that I had originally downloaded the software from and re-downloaded it very carefully, making sure I didn't download anything incorrectly. Once it was complete I went to go print the test page again as it prompted, but yet again my test page printed blank.
Reflection II
I then decided that since it wasn't the software, it had to be something with the ink cartridges, or something internal in the printer. I thought of how I could check if the ink was really empty or not. Luckily, my roommate's printer used the same kind of ink, so I put the cartridges in his printer and checked their status, and they appeared to be full. I decided that I needed to clean contacts on my printer where the cartridges are held.
Hypothesis II
My second hypothesis was that if cleaned my ink cartridge contacts, my printer would successfully print.
Experiementatin II
I took a damp cloth and a little cleaning solution and wiped down the contacts of the ink cartridges. I placed the ink back in the printer and went to go print another test page. This time my test page printed successfully!
-Nick Campbell
1. My computer got a virus a couple weeks ago and in the process of removing it my friend accidentally deactivated my media hotkeys. I was surprised at how much of a nuisance this actually was, I guess you don't really appreciate some things until you don't have them anymore.
2. I am not a super tech savvy person which is why I needed someone to help me remove the virus in the first place so I don't have much to work with. I observed that the keys no longer worked and remembered that my friend told me he had accidentally deactivated them so I figured I probably needed to find something that would turn it on in the inner working of the computer.
3. It is hard to build hypothesis or even experiments when you don't know even the first place to look. I googled "Media hotkeys Toshiba" to see if there was some kind of other computer/ geek name for it that I needed to keep an eye out for in my search for how to turn them back on. Unfortunately my internet cut out. I was about ready to give up at this point but decided to keep working. Giving up is not how light bulbs were invented. The Google search yielded little to no results.
4. I experimented by searching in tool panel and pressing buttons. Nothing in control panel made my hotkeys work. I also tried looking for hotkey related files in the programs section. I called the friend who had originally helped remove my virus where I might look. I opened some very high tech gadgets in the run program section and looked for checks in system configuration under system startup and services but quickly realized I was in over my head. I didn't want to cause any damage so even though I felt close to success I gave up the chase. Im not sure if all this really counted as experimentation since I was really just looking for ways to experiment and never really had the chance to change software that would enable my hotkeys. So experimentation failed.
The hotkeys are where my finger is.
Experience: When I returned to my apartment after being gone this weekend, it smelled completely disgusting. My roommate and I were confused because we couldn't figure out where the smell was coming from or how we could get rid of it. (Since I can't take a picture of a smell, this picture illustrates my disgust with the offending odor.)
Reflective observation: We brainstormed what might be causing the odor. We walked around the apartment, sniffing the air and looking for the odor's source.
Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the smell was coming from our overflowing garbage and recycling.
Experimentation: We took out the garbage and recycling.
Experience: The apartment still smelled funny.
Hypothesis: We hypothesized that there was something rotting in the garbage disposal.
Experimentation: We ran the garbage disposal with lemons, which are supposed to freshen garbage disposals.
Experience: The smell was still just as bad.
Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the carpet needed cleaning.
Experimentation: Since we didn't have any other way of cleaning the carpet (due to our limited budget), we sprayed the carpet with Febreeze.
Experience: The apartment smelled much better! Even if we just masked the scent for now, I am much happier!
As soon as the seeds fall from the tree in the weeks to come, a propeller-like, wind aided dance of dispersal will begin spreading them close and far.
Along with falling to the ground (as shown), the seeds in this flower are small enough to be transported on the body of a bird or bee.
Here we have a t
This i
This costal redwood tree uses heat releasing cones to protect its seeds for many winters before the conditions are correct to fertilize the seeds. also this growth on the upper portion can propagate a new tree if this one were to die, however that is no sexual propagation. John Muir National Monument CA.
The first photograph is of the an ornamental grass that disperses its seed via the wind. This photo shows the wind acting on the seed heads of the grass and as the wind blows, it causes the stalk of the seed head to shake and loosen the seeds.
