Continue reading Adam seed dispersal by ingestion.
September 2009 Archives
Continue reading Adam seed dispersal by wind.
Continue reading Stuck on Me.
This is a picture of a bush laden with berries. These berries, in theory, will be gobbled up by little creatures and excreted somewhere nice to begin the growing process. The photo was taken on campus.
This is a picture of a maple seed, documented on a sidewalk around campus. These seeds are dispersed by wind and look like helicopters when they fall.
This seed is lacking dormancy. Sprouting now will no doubt result in its death once winter comes.
This image displays an acorn. The acorn is an example of wind dispersal as it was blown off the tree and then down to the ground.
This is probably a wheat plant. But it was found by a pond behind my sister's house. I believe the type of dispersal that the seeds does is either by wind or water. I'm guessing mostly water since there are many of similar plants by it that grows right next to it or a few feet down the pond where there are many more.
I do not know what kind of plant this is. I found it at my sister's place in Shakopee. I believe the way the seed is disperse from this plant is that it dries up and then the seeds inside then either falls out or maybe even removed by animals.
I found this flower outside my church. It is good example of seed dispersal by animal.
I found these dandelions next to my church. These are good example for wind dispersal.
This is a flower found near Boyton. Its seed dispersal is by insects landind on it.
These are berries found on a tree on the West Bank. They are an example of seed dispersal via indegestion.
Continue reading Seed Dispersal--Burrs.
This is an example of animal seed dispersal. I fount these really interesting looking nuts outside Folwell Hall. They almost look like a gourd with spikes! I split one of the seeds (upper right hand corner) in half and it smelled like hazelnut but I checked online and they are not hazelnuts. In the upper right hand corner I took a picture of the actual animal, a squirrel, dispersing this nut to various areas.
This is an example of flowers that contain seeds in pods that are dispersed by wind based on seasonal changes. These seeds are long and skinny--similar to the marigold seeds we used last week in lab.
This is a picture of a Maple seed. I called them whirligigs as a kid. This seed is an example of dispersal by wind.
This is some type of nut. It has what looks to be most likely a hard seed coat dormancy. This may be a dormancy to keep it safe in the winter. Now that it looks like something was chewing on it, it might sprout too early. Or more likely be eaten in full.
Here is a picture of some seeds from a plant that was growing throughout my alley. (I see someone else knows the pleasure of these seeds as well!) I too do not know what type of plant this is, but I tore a bunch of it out this weekend, and the seeds are STILL stuck to the sweater I was wearing. Whatever these are they are very persistent, and they disperse by latching on to whatever is passing by.
Here is a picture taken after all of the wind on Sunday. Although these seeds aren't mature enough to have fallen off of the tree on their own, there were so many of these clusters around my back yard that it will be interesting to see how this early wind dispersal affects their overall germination rate next spring. I'm a bit concerned that I will have a mini forest trying to grow in my backyard!
Finally here is an example of animal dispersion. The squirrel that has been torturing me all growing season struck again (and just in time for my homework). Here you can see the immature strawberry that was partially eaten. The digested seeds will be dispersed some where other than my backyard (hopefully), while the uneaten seeds may germinate where the squirrel left them once the fruit has rotted away.
Here is a picture taken after all of the wind on Sunday. Although these seeds aren't mature enough to have fallen off of the tree on their own, there were so many of these clusters around my back yard that it will be interesting to see how this early wind dispersal affects their overall germination rate next spring. I'm a bit concerned that I will have a mini forest trying to grow in my backyard!
Finally here is an example of animal dispersion. The squirrel that has been torturing me all growing season struck again (and just in time for my homework). Here you can see the immature strawberry that was partially eaten. The digested seeds will be dispersed some where other than my backyard (hopefully), while the uneaten seeds may germinate where the squirrel left them once the fruit has rotted away.
I don't know what kind of plant this is, but its all over my backyard. These seed pods get stuck onto the outside of my pant leg every time I walk past them. They are very sticky and the two pointy ends get embedded in my cat's fur as well!
Lentils can disperse in two ways; they can fall to the ground or dehisce (be shot out). I was reading about their domestication, and breeding out dehiscence was an important step in its domestication.
j.overgaard
This is a tree I found by my apartment. You can see the berries on the branches and these are obviously very attractive looking berries which will hopefully be eaten by a bird and dispersed to another area where the seed will be excreted from the bird and able to grow.
This is a seed that has been blown off the branch of a tree by the wind. Hopefully the wind will continue to move this seed so that it ends up not on a driveway across the street from my apartment but in some grass where it can hang out until spring to grow.
I took this picture of a flower in front of the U of M hospital. Its a good example of animal dispersal because bees and other insects carry the seeds to a different location.
I took this picture in front of Pioneer Hall. This is a good example of a flower where the seeds can be dispersed and carried by the wind.
I found this plant near the Rapson Hall,I think this is an example for wind dispersal. Floccules on seeds help them fly to other places.
This is the grape I brought from the grocery store,And I think it is an example for animal dispersal. The seeds of grapes are spread out by birds through eating them and then excrete to other places.
I think this is a wind dispersal plant. It took me the whole afternoon to find it. It's pretty hard. Well i took the picture near Middlebrook Hall. I think the wind carry the seed to the other place.
This flower i got it near my dorm.I think this is an animal dispersal. Kind of bees butterfly carry the seeds on their legs. And fly to other flowers and it works.
This flower i got it near my dorm.I think this is an animal dispersal. Kind of bees butterfly carry the seeds on their legs. And fly to other flowers and it works.
These are the fruits belonging to one of the plants in my back yard. The red color shows their ripeness. They look very appealing to small animals passing by the area. Hopefully the fruits will be ingested and carried away from the parent plant.
I found this spiny seed coat on my dogs fur after taking him for a walk. The thorns did a good job of attaching themselves to the fur. My dog must have carried the seed coat(seed) for more than a mile away from the parent plant.
These cockleburs were in the woods by my house. They can easily latch on to animals or humans, and they use this as a means of dispersal.
I found this thistle in the Seward Co-op's parking lot garden. It was too windy to get a focused shot, but this picture shows a mature thistle flower dispersing its seeds via those "thread-like" fibers.
This is a tree in my front yard. The tree uses berries, and the help of animals to disperse the seeds.
Continue reading ANIMAL INGESTION DISPERSAL ms.
Continue reading WIND DISPERSAL ms.
I found this crab apple tree just outside of my apartment. I think crab apple, along with many other fruits, are in the animal dispersal category. Though I don't think it would taste good, maybe birds and squirrels get their vitamin C from it~ ^^
I found this dandelion in the Van Cleve Park. After the rain yesterday, it was kind of hard to find them any more. I think dandelion is one of the best examples for wind dispersal.
I found
I found
Continue reading Alex's Burrs LOVE my dog!.
Continue reading Alex's Pollenating Bee!.
Continue reading Alex's Milkweed done Popped.
Continue reading Adam's avocado seed.
Continue reading Stressful environment Adam b..
This is a baby tomato from the Cenntenial food court. I have the seed coat and pericarp labeled myself. Sorry I could not figure out how to do it on my computer. 
This was taken near Boyton Health Services. The plants were planted in what looks to be poor and dry soil. Plus it is right underneath the skywalk; which makes the area too shaded.
Continue reading Stephanie's Botanical Fruit.
Continue reading Stephanie's Stressed-Out Plants.
This is a Granny Smith apple I bought at SuperTarget a while ago. You can clearly see the seed coat which I broke open (seed still inside) and the pericarp.
I found this plant outside of Pier 500 restaurant in Hudson, WI. At first, I thought it was a tomato plant by looking at the light yellow colored flowers budding off the plant. Its growing in a stressed environment with little soil, with many leaves and wood chips covering the ground. Its also growing between two large rocks on an inclined area.
The Ovary wall is hard to see. From what I can tell it is just a small layer surrounding the seeds. It almost looks exactly like the rest of the apple. The seed coat is directly on the seeds.
This Tree was obviously planted here. The soil is so dry that weeds can barely grow next to the tree. The limited space and lack of nutrition in the soil is also an issue.
This is a grape from my fridge. I looked through all of the fruit at my house and grapes were the only fruit I had that displayed both the pericarp and seed coat.
This is a plant growing from a retaining wall in the backyard of my home in Minneapolis MN. The stresses here are soil erosion, angled plane and limited sunlight.The plant has managed to grow the stem of the plant in a curved fashion so that the leaves are facing the sun.
This image of a lemon illustrates the structure of a botanical fruit; you can see the pericarp and the seed coat quite clearly. I found this fruit in my fridge...it probably came from my local food co-op.
This image was taken in the city of Shoreview MN. I thought that it illustrated a stressed environment that limited plant growth because there is a lot of foot traffic in this particular part of the forest causing compaction of the soil. Also there is a dense canopy of leaves overhead limiting the light that reaches the forest floor.
This is a picture of a green bean that is split open. Both the pericarp and seedcoat are clearly visible and labeled.
I found this plant at Washington Ave on campus. The plant is right by the street with busy traffic, and it doesnt look like having constant water supply or enough sunlight. There arent other plants or grass growing around this plant and it doesnt seem like being taken care of. I belive this example shows an area with few diversity of plants.
This is a picture taken of the soccer fields in by the recreation center. This is a stressful environment because along with the constant heavy traffic, there is no shade or irrigation for the grass to grow.
This is a picture of ginkgo biloba found in a grocery store. You can clearly see the brown color seedcoat outside and the white pericarp inside. Some people use ginkgo as cooking material, it has good texture and its good for memory, but eating too much causes side effects.
This is a picture of an apple from the grocery store. The fleshy matter surrounding the seed is the epicarp. I cracked open the seed coat and removed the seed for a better view.
This is a photo of a stressful environment taken by my old highschool. The new renovations set forth make it hard for plants to grow. Construction has taken place all summer.
Here is a tomato, before it went in a bowl of black beans, and then my belly. the pericarp and seed coat are labeled.
So, this is the patio of my home (you may have just said "lazy). But, I think it's a good example of a harsh environment where not much is growing, and I'm not talking about the area with brick. There are three hosta plants there, nothing in between except for a volunteer maple seedling sprouting up. It's very shady as there is a maple tree above, and the fence behind it. I didn't do any weeding all summer long.
This is an avocado from the grocery store, you can clearly see the seed and seed coat as well as the pericarp.
This is an example of stressful plant environment. These grasses and weeds are trying to grow where there is too much sun, not enough water and obviously not any dirt.
Continue reading stress areas ms.
Continue reading pericarp and seed coat ms.
I bought it from a grocery store.
I found this plant at a corner of a house-no sunshine at all, and it grows at the gap of two stones. From the picture, we can see the low diversity because there is no other plants' living.
Continue reading Alex's Pomegranate.
Continue reading Alex's Hostas and Peony's.
Once a Dutch Elm was removed from the front yard, my Hostas and some Peony's got sunburnt along with many other shade loving plants which will have to be rearranged now that they get sun all day.
I found this tomato at the farmer's market on campus. (Highly recommended if you are looking for fresh food)
Well tomato! I cut in half. And the place i show is the little seed. The thing cover the seed which is seedcoat. The pericarp include two stuff outside and inside. The place i show they are all pericarp.
This picture i take on the way to middlebrook hall. Every body step on the grass land and that made a little path. Pretty sad. Not enough sunshine. And nobody take care for it.
I found these plants on the St. Paul campus and as seen in the picture, they are living in a stressful environment. The environmental stresses include pollution, arid land, partial light and a lack of nutrients
This is a picture of my driveway. It is a stressful environment because it is gravel and more importantly, it is constantly being driven on. Only one type of plant is able to grow in the middle of the driveway.
This is a green pepper from my garden at home. The pericarp of the pepper is the part that we eat.
I cut open this tomato. The Pericarp is the fleshy inside of the fruit.
The seeds are inside the mature fruit and that is where the seed coat
is formed.
I took this photo because I noticed that although there are lots of plants growing along the tracks, there were all the same species. The diversity is very low along this stretch of tracks. The environment is extremely dry and hot, the ground is covered with large sized rocks which seem uninviting for plants.
This image shows a diverse range of the same species struggling to get a sufficient amount of light. You can see where the sunlight gets to certain areas by not only the physical brighter light in those areas of the picture, but also the plant is healthier because it is obtaining nutrients from the sunlight. Not obtaining adequate amount of sunlight can hinder a plant greatly and cause it great stress. The plant is not able to undergo photosynthesis without sunlight.
This botanical Granny Smith apple shows the pericarp of the fruit in the center and also many seed coats of the seeds. The pericarp consists of three sections: endocarp, mesocarp, and exocarp. Here, you can see the mesocarp which is the fleshy middle fruit part, and the lining of the exocarp, or the exterior of the apple, but the endocarp cannot be seen because it is the inner layer of the seed coat.
I actually STOLE this pistachio nut from Rainbow food (I swear this is
the ONLY nut i took :) Since the nut is dried, it is kind of hard to
peel off the seed coat. But you can definitely tell apart the green
seed from its brownish seed coat. (The first ent
I actually STOLE this pistachio nut from Rainbow food (I swear this is the ONLY nut i took :) Since the nut is dried, it is kind of hard to peel off the seed coat. But you can definitely tell apart the green seed from its brownish seed coat.
I
I 
I found this plant on the sidewalk outside of my apartment. The stress environment for it would be the narrow space (really little dirt) and heavy traffic.
Here is my example of a fruit with a seed coat and pericarp. I picked
this pomegranate because out of all of the fruit in my refrigerator,
this was the most colorful and interesting to look at.
Here is an example of a stressful environment. This was taken at the Columbia Heights dog park, near my house. With high foot traffic and the dogs doing what they do, the park has to have a layer of mulch throughout. Despite this, there are still a few plants like the grass and flowering plant shown here, that manage to develop under these conditions. (If you look in the back, you can see the dog pack!)
Here is an example of a stressful environment. This was taken at the Columbia Heights dog park, near my house. With high foot traffic and the dogs doing what they do, the park has to have a layer of mulch throughout. Despite this, there are still a few plants like the grass and flowering plant shown here, that manage to develop under these conditions. (If you look in the back, you can see the dog pack!)
This pix was taken on a walk. It shows a number of nodes resulting in branches and fruit on a plant stem.
I took this photograph at Taylors falls. Right by the St. Croix river. The image shows an inflorescence. There are a group of flowers on a main stem.
The image shows two nodes where the leaf stem shoots out.
This is a picture of another inflorescence but with many many nodes. Out of most of the nodes are bracts but some have flowers waiting to bloom out of them.
This is an example of an inflorescence I found in Prospect Park near my home. The flowers are arranged in a panicle style. It's impossible to see in the picture, but some nodes have bracts coming out of them as well. Clearly visible is the rachis and secondary rachis.
Continue reading Inflorecence Cluster.
At the node in the center of this photo there are three things
happening: elongation of the stem, leaves and fruit. Above and below
that node are internodes.
Continue reading Node with leaves and fruit.
From this node we can see multiple plant parts that emerging from the node: leaf, flower, fruit, branch and extension of the stem. I found it at Como Park. I thought it was a good example because it illustrates the structure of the plant very well and it has different plant parts from the node.
From this inflorescence we can clearly see the peduncle, bracts, secondary rachis and pedicel. I found it at Como Park. I thought it was a good example because it has a cluster of pink flowers which match the definition of inflorescense.
This is a picture of a plant that I took in the backyard of my house on 13th ave se and como. There are 3 different growths at each of the nodes: continuation of the stem, flowers, and leaves.
This is a plant that I found in my backyard on 13th ave se & como ave. The flowers seem to be orchestrated in a compound umbel formation.
This is a photo of an inflorescence that I found on the U of M campus in the St. Paul mall area. You can clearly see the numerous flowers coming out of the top of the stem and the rachis.
This is a node I found on a flowering plant on the U of M campus in the St. Paul mall area. It shows a second rachis and peduncle.
So unfortunately the quality of my photographs is not very good because I had to use a web cam and I did not want to crop them because then the quality is significantly worse, but the necessities are there. I took my photographs in the mall area of campus. My first photograph is that of an inflorescence. The top right flower displays the peduncle and several bracts. My second photograph displays a node. From the node branches a leaf, a continuation of the stem, and a flower.
Continue reading Stephanie's Nodes and Peppers.
Continue reading Stephanie's Backyard Weeds.
Continue reading Heidi Node--Stinging Nettle.
Continue reading Inflorescence J.Jensen.
Continue reading Burning Bush Nodes J.Jensen.
This inflorescence was found near Boyton Clinic. This appears to be an umbel or a head shape. You can see the start of the peduncle, also looking into the plant you can see some rachis, secondary rachis, and many pedicels as well.
This node was found by Boyton Health Services. On the node a flower and leaf are shown branching out. Also it shows a continuation of the stem.
This purple jalapeno from my garden, in South Minneapolis, will provide me with a yummy snack this evening, but also a nice picture of an active node. This particular node has three elements emerging from it; a fruit, a leaf, and continuation of the stem/branching.
This hydrangea found on E. River Road provides a nice example of a compound umble inflorescence. Move your eyes up the peduncle, soon you will come to the bracts marking the beginning of the rachis. The rachis splits to become secondary and tertiary rachis' ending at the pedicel and a flower.
I took this picture in the front of Morrill Hall. It is a node with a flower, another stem and a leaf.
I took this picture in the front of Rigis center for Arts. In this picture, we can see that "a group of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch".
View image
Node caught near coffman union. There are leaves, extension stem and something like new bud grow on the node.
I found this plant in the Como Park, St. Paul. There are leaves, flowers and extension of the stem growing from the node.
Continue reading Inflorescence at the Gym.
I found this inflorescence in the Como park, St. Paul. We can see there are bracts and secondary rachis grow from the peduncle. And the pedicel of this plant is pretty obvious.
This plant's picture was taken across from the Plant growth facility in the garden. From the picture you can see from the node there is a flower, a leaf and extension of the stem.
Continue reading Node from St. Paul.
Sorry about the quality of this picture. My camera was having trouble zooming in on the right thing. Although this is a good example of a node where it has 3 different plant parts emerging from it. One is the continuation of the stem, one leads to a leaf and the other leads to a flower.
Taken from the landscaping garden on the St. Paul campus, here's an example of an inflorescence. The plant is "Brilliant" (Hylotelephium spectabile), and the flowers were occupied by a bunch of bees.
Here, showing an example of a node with extension of stem, branching, and a leaf. The plant is Woodland Tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris).
Here, showing an example of a node with extension of stem, branching, and a leaf. The plant is Woodland Tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris).
What: Node that has extension of the stem, two branches and a flower coming from it
Where: Outside my apartment on 5th st. NE
Why: I chose this plant because it was close and it was a good example of a node with multiple elements emerging from it
What: an inflorescence where you can clearly see the peduncle, bracts, primary and secondary rachis as well as the pedicel with the flowers. I think there are further rachis as well that are tertiary and quaternary rachis
Where: Behind University Village
Why: I saw this inflorescence and thought it would be a good example because you can easily see all of the elements
This vine was growing along the sidewalk on Hennepin. You can see that from the node there are leaves, berries, and a continuation of the stem.
This is an example of inflorescence that I found in a flower garden near my house. You can see the peduncle in the bottom of the picture and the rachis branching off the peduncle. The secondary rachis are mostly hidden by the flowers, but you can see a few pedicels.
This is a photo of a bell pepper plant which was taken in my garden. In this photo you can see the continuation of the stem, as well as a branch, leaves and fruit that are present that are at the node.
Here is an example of an inflorescence cluster. This photo was taken on the Saint Paul campus in the gardens across from the Plant Growth Facility. In this photo you can see the peduncle leading to the inflorescence, as well as the bracts and part of the rachis at the base of the cluster.
This is an example of an inflorescence. The pedicels and the rachis along the bottom right are present here.
This is an example of three different things happening at one node: a
leaf, a full bud ready to flower, and another branch of the stem
carrying on to another section of the plant.
This is a patch of inflorescence in my backyard - garlic chives. You can see the peduncle and the individual pedicels. This is an umbel inflorescence. Bzzzzz!
Here's an example of an inflorescence using the dicot plant that you drew in class last Thursday. I've labeled what I think are the peduncle, rachis and pedicel based on the principles that we reviewed in class: peduncle holds up the inflorescence, pedicel holds up the flower and the rachis is everything else in between!
