History of previous suicide attempt (2)
History of mental disorders especially depression (2)
Exposure to the suicidal behavior of others (2) (3)
Family history of child maltreatment (3)
Family history of suicide (2)
Impulsive and aggressive tendencies (4) (3)
Alcohol or drug abuse (2)
Stressful life event e.g. loss of job or economic difficulty (2) (4)
Easy access to lethal weapons or means (2)
Incarceration (2)
Barriers to accessing mental health services:
-loss of cultural and religious identity/beliefs (5)(6)
-stigma attached to mental health /substance abuse disorders (5)(6)
