Writing 2: March 2012 Archives

Am I forgetting something?

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Chances are that most of us have heard of Alzheimer's disease before, and we may know a family member who suffers from the terrible disease. A startling statistic shows that Alzheimer's is the "fourth leading cause of death for those over 65. By the year 2040 an estimated 14 million will be living with the disease" ().

I personally find Alzheimer's to be a very interesting disease from a medical standpoint not only because it's found most often in older/senior adults, but because it's not caused by and bacteria or virus, but instead a plaque and protein buildup that's made inside the brain. Two or three hypothesis of how Alzheimer's disease originates have come about.
The first hypothesis is that of amyloid plaque. When amyloid is found in large quantities it will undergo a conformational change to accommodate the large number of molecules. However, if there are numerous amyloid's present then this conformation change results in the formation of a plaque which is made up of "mostly insoluble deposits of protein and cellular material outside and around neurons" These massive formations of amyloid are thought to be synthesized and cause a disruption of the brains "calcium ion homeostasis" and thus lead to cell death (which would be why we would see much darker almost completely occluded spots on an MRI of a patient with Alzeheimer's than of a brain scan of a normal brain).

There is another protein located in the brain that has been shown to be a contributor of Alzheimer's Disease. This protein is called "Tau." Tau's main function in a healthy brain is the stabilization of the brains cytoskeleton. However, the hypothesis is that when Tau is over synthesized, or even under-synthesized, as it is in a person with Alzheimer's disease, Tau itself causes a buildup and "tangles" neurons or collapses them. Unfortunately for your brain, this tangling/collapsing causes your neurons not to fire correctly. This improper firing causes the signs/symptoms that are well known with this disease: memory loss, learning, thinking and reasoning disabilities.

Researchers are having a difficult time with advancements on how to treat Alzheimer's disease because our brains are encased in what's called a "Blood Brain Barrier" which allows only very specific hormones and blood regulation through. Recent research at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester has biochemists attempting to engineer proteins that will be able to pass through our BBB and attach itself specifically to the amyloid/senile plaque areas so that scientists can image the areas via MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging).
In time, the Mayo Clinic also hopes it will be able to engineer a vaccine that will cease the amyloid/senile plaques from forming clumps in the brain.

1. Do you know of someone struggling with this terrible disease?
2. Did you find any of this information to be insightful?

CH4:Visual perception

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In chapter 4, Sensation &perception, there were a lot of different concepts about how our senses and brain are related and how they processed. Among them, 'the visual system (visual perception) of our body' is the most interesting part for me which arouse my attention. Our eyes seem to function a lot as we live, and they really do. However, it is really easy to deceive our eyes more than we thought. For the basic example, we do not distinct colors easily when we suddenly see the bright lights after get out in the dark. It's because of rods and cones of our eyes which allow us to distinguish low levels of lights and also the colors. Other than this example, there are numerous ways to deceive our eyes only using by editing lines or visual effects. In addition, our eyes do not recognize not only the visual pictures on the plane paper, but also the motions in three-dimensional in our lives. In discussion class, we concluded that the most optical illusions are the result of influence of background patterns on the overall design, adjustment of our perception at the boundaries of areas, our inability to interpret the spatial structure of an object from the context, and so on. Through these concepts, I recognized that there might be a lot of things that I do not see exactly what's there in the world. Everyone might think that they see the things right, but they actually don't, which is the funniest part of this section. And lastly, the picture at the top is one example about deceive visual perception that I took in trick art museum, and rest of the examples at the bottom is other examples from other websites.

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You can go from corner A to corner B by climbing the stairs or by going around a level plane.

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The squares labeled A and B are the same shade of gray.


As human beings when we pass the age of 65, we begin to face memory problems and brain degeneration. One of these degenerations is a disease call Alzheimer which causes memory loss and intellectual decline.


The risk for Alzheimer's disease is:

13% for those over 65 years of age
42% percent for those over 85 years of age


Today, a treatment to stop or at best reverse the disease DOES NOT EXIST. We only have treatments to slow its progression.

The following list shows things that you can incorporate to your life to reduce its risk.
• Eat more fish (Omega-3-Fatty acids).
• Keep low blood pressure.
• Stay mentally stimulated.
• Learn a second or more languages.

In the following video the Biochemist Gregory Petzko talks us about the epidemic we will start to see in the next 40 years as the world population ages.









The problematic is very serious, if we don't do something in 2050 it is predicted to be 16 million people just in America creating stories as the following:


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So I finish with a question:

Do you have any impression or comment from the Alzheimer Disease and the videos that you will like to share?

alzheimers-care-costs.pngAlzheimer's disease is a form of extreme dementia associated with progressive loss in memory, ability to speak, and ability to think and judge properly. These are very broad symptoms. This disease is relatively common among older people, especially those of age 60 or greater. AD is the most common form of Dementia. There are generally considered to be two types of AD: Early onset AD and Late onset AD.

Late onset AD is commonly associated with older people (60 or greater), and is far far more common than Early onset AD. The most likely reason for the lesser frequency of Early onset AD revolves around very specific, rare gene variations . people who contract early onset AD can look at their family tree and likely locate other relatives who also contracted early onset AD.

Late onset AD is less related to genetics. this does not mean, however, that Late onset AD is a natural part of aging.

Alzheimer's disease in general is not a natural part of aging. What is more disconcerting is that there is no determined cause for this illness. Scientists have suggested that genes and environmental factors play a role for causing the disease, but this is not for certain.

So this leads to the problem of treatment, or the lack of treatment options. There is no known cure for AD, only methods of prolonging the illness. Even by administering drugs to AD patients, they have a minimal effect in slowing the process of progressive brain failure in AD patients.


Preventing this disease is not really easy, because scientists don't know the definite cause of AD. All scientists can do is suggest keeping a stable blood pressure, exercise, maintain a healthy diet, and try to stay mentally and socially active throughout life.

It is clear to me that AD is a disease that has few if any signs of treatment. And this disease effects more than just a few americans. 1 in 8 individuals age 65 or greater have Alzheimer's. How close might a cure possibly be? and how important is it to spend money for Alzheimer research right now?

Forget Me Knot.

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I have this theory, when I'm older I am going to have Alzheimer's. Seems like a silly thing, but I mostly mean it. Throughout the day, I forget things, things that I should not forget, like what I had for breakfast, or if I even had breakfast. While I know that this does not necessarily have any bearing on whether or not I develop Alzheimer's, it is a thought. Can we see early signs of Alzheimer's in the way our memory works at a younger age, and therefore more effectively prevent it?

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Some say that it can be a genetic disorder, others say that there is no connection whatsoever. On the aspect of drugs that could help or cure Alzheimer's, there currently isn't one that could ultimately cure it, only one that could set back the effects for some time. Through the use of one of the drugs and brain stimulating activities, you can prolong the effects of Alzheimer's and even have many "positive" days. Along with this, have the person's days be repetitive in the sense that their schedule is similar day to day, ( I.e. wake up, shower, eat, read, visit, eat, watch a show, play cards, eat, get ready for bed, sleep.) or, the other option is putting the person in a nursing home which will instill a schedule each day. While it is not ideal, the pattern sometimes allows the person to find a place familiar for longer, if not on a conscious level, sometimes on the subconscious level. As of right now, sadly, the end effects are inevitable.

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There are different stages of Alzheimer's and typically, the first memories that tend to go are the day to day memories. Then getting lost or forgetting people comes into play. Slowly, hygiene and personality fades. It is a sad and discouraging condition, a cure would be a wonderful miracle to many families affected. And sadly tying that knot around your finger will only remind you that you forgot something, if you remember why it was tied there at all. The hyperlink below is a Rascal Flatts song called Ellsworth that gives a pretty good portrayal on living with Alzheimer's.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGukwAYiTQ0

Ghajini memory loss

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Ghajini is Indian movie which is similar to Memento.According to the movie, the protagonist Sanjay Singhania's (Aamir Khan) is suffering from anterograde amnesia. so he tattoos himself and takes notes and pictures of everybody he meets in daily life in order to recall that person again and if he doesn't remember you which he wont, he will remove his pile of pictures from his pocket and try to see if he knows you. Sanyay's anterograde condition kicks in every 15 minutes, which means he remember things for a limited time frame of 15 minutes only. His memory needs refreshing after that time limit, therefore the tattoos, the scribbled notes and the Polaroid shots. He doesn't actually remember his girl Asin's - death. He comes to know of it when he reads the tattoos on his body every morning after he wakes up.Now here start the list of questions: How does he remember to read or write out those notes? How does he remember to take Polaroid pictures? How is anterograde amnesia different from amnesia and how are the two different from Alzheimer's, which also causes memory loss? Most importantly, if the guy can't remember anything beyond 15 minutes, how the heck does he remember he has anterograde amnesia? Of course, he has his scribbled notes and tattoos to rely on when he gets up in the morning, but he does spend quite some time outside his house spells that go far beyond 15 minutes, trying to track down the killer. so if you are his enemy and he tries to kill, just run away for 15 minutes and comeback , he wont even know you. Here is a clip from the movie.


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This page is an archive of entries in the Writing 2 category from March 2012.

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